• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in suspensions. One embodiment of the present invention provides a method of providing a subterranean treatment fluid including a base fluid and a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the subterranean treatment fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity.
    公开号:AU2013219796A1
    申请号:U2013219796
    申请日:2013-02-05
    公开日:2014-07-03
    发明作者:Stephen W. Almond；Dale E. Jamison
    申请人:Halliburton Energy Services Inc；
    IPC主号:C09K8-03
    专利说明:
    WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 USE OF NEUTRAL-DENSITY PARTICLES TO ENHANCE BARITE SAG RESISTANCE AND FLUID SUSPENSION TRANSPORT BACKGROUND 5 [0001] The present invention relates to neutral-density particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in subterranean applications. More specifically, the present invention relates to neutral-density particles and their use in subterranean treatment fluids to enhance sag resistance of high-density 10 particles and fluid transport. [0002] As used herein, the term "particles" is not intended to be limiting and does not imply any particular shape. As used herein, the term "high-density particles" refers to particles in suspension that have relatively high densities compared to its continuous phase (e.g., base fluid) and have a 15 tendency to undergo undesirable sagging. In some cases, a suspension may have multiple distributions of particle densities. [0003] As used herein, the term "neutral-density particles" may be a context dependent term that describes particles in suspension whose densities may range anywhere from about the density of the high-density particles to the 20 density of the continuous phase or slightly less. For the purposes of this disclosure, a neutral-density particle will differ from a high-density particle in at least one of: shape, size, and/or density. [0004] Sedimentation is the tendency for particles in suspension to settle out and come to rest. Numerous forces can act on a particle to promote 25 settling (or "sagging"). These include, but are not limited to, gravity, centrifugal acceleration, electromagnetism, and the like. As used herein, "settling" or "sagging" is the falling of suspended particles through liquid. For the purposes of this disclosure, "settling" and "sagging" are used interchangeably. Sedimentation is the termination of the settling or sagging process. The 30 "settling velocity" at which suspended particles settle may also depend on other factors including, but not limited to, their weight, diameter, and shape. As used herein, the term "sag resistance" is a measure of the resistance to flow with no shear on the material. Sag resistance may also generally refer to a suspension's ability to resist sagging of its particles. 1 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 [0005] There are many real-world fluids for which sagging can be a significant problem. For example, sagging may be particularly undesirable in drilling fluids or "drilling muds" as it can adversely affect the density of the fluid. When settling is prolonged in a drilling fluid that is in use, the upper part of a 5 wellbore can lose mud density, which lessens the hydrostatic pressure in the hole. The density of a drilling fluid is determined by the particular mixture of its components, which typically include a base fluid (e.g., water, brines, oil, etc.), and additives (e.g., emulsifiers, viscosifiers, etc.). [0006] During a typical drilling operation, the density of the drilling fluid 10 should match or be slightly higher than the formation pressure. For example, when formation pressure increases, drilling fluid density should also increase. This is often achieved by adding high-density particles ("weighting agents") to the drilling fluid since the column of drilling fluid in the wellbore exerts a hydrostatic pressure ("head pressure") proportional to the depth of the hole and 15 the density of the drilling fluid. However, high-density particles such as weighting agents have a greater tendency to sag in lower density fluids (e.g., base fluid) to reduce the effective density difference. [0007] The undesirable sagging of weighting agents can cause density fluctuations in drilling fluids that can de-stabilize a wellbore. In the worst case 20 scenario, an unbalanced formation pressure can cause spikes in the pressure that can ultimately lead to a blowout. Less catastrophic potential outcomes include downhole mud losses and stuck pipes. Some of these may still lead to hole abandonment. [0008] Examples of available weighting agents include, but are not 25 limited to, calcium carbonate, siderite, hematite, barite, and the like. In particular, barite is a common weighting agent used in drilling fluids. As used herein, "barite" generally refers to particles made from barium sulfate. Drilling grade barite is typically ground to a particle size of about 5 microns to about 75 microns, according to American Petroleum Institute standards (API), and has a 30 specific gravity of about 4.20 g/cm 3 depending on its purity. [0009] As used herein, "specific gravity" refers to the ratio of density of a particular substance to the density of a reference substance (typically water for fluids). Specific gravity is calculated based on densities at constant pressure 2 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 and temperature. Grinding procedures will often produce particles having a distribution of sizes. The distribution of the particle sizes are often described as a particle size distribution that defines the relative amounts of a particles present, sorted according to size. 5 [0010] The settling of barite is usually referred to as "barite sag." For drilling fluids containing barite, a significant fluctuation in density may be greater than about 0.5 Ibm/gal (60 kg/iM 3 ) along a mud column, which is the result of settling of the barite in the drilling fluid. Sag may occur in both static and dynamic (e.g., while the drilling fluid is being circulated) situations. In dynamic 10 situations such as fluid transport applications, the presence of high-density particles (e.g., barite) in fluids may resist the flow of a given fluid. Thus, sag may also cause problems whenever fluid suspensions need to be transported along a flow field. [0011] There are several known approaches to managing barite sag in 15 subterranean applications. Common sag management approaches include rheological modifications and particle size distribution management and formulation. While it is generally known that smaller barite particles have less sag, they are also more costly to grind. Suspensions in non-vertical columns are also known to settle faster than suspensions in vertical columns. This, however, 20 may require wellbores to have significant deviations in its geometries, which is often not practical or cost effective. Another approach includes increasing the viscosity of the fluid by the use of viscosifiers, gelling agents, and the like to rheologically enhance the suspension of weighting agents. These methods are somewhat limited in that they may not work with pre-existing columns. An 25 excessive increase in viscosity can also have adverse effects on the equivalent circulating density of a fluid, which can lead to additional problems discussed earlier. [0012] Moreover, the behavior of settling particles may be categorized into a "free settling" regime and a "hindered settling" regime. While the free 30 settling regime describes settling of particles (e.g., high-density particle) that do not interact with each other (i.e., a particle in an infinite fluid), in the real world, particles tend to behave in the hindered settling regime where they are affected by interactions with other particles, container walls, etc. Moreover, high-density 3 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 particles may be physically obstructed from settling by a high number of very small particles. The presence of very small particles hinders the settling of the larger particles which, in turn, leads to the very small particles being dragged down more quickly than under the free settling regime. Thus, enhancing certain 5 hindered settling mechanisms should also reduce the settling rate for a given particle. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0013] The present invention relates to neutral-density particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in subterranean applications. More 10 specifically, the present invention relates to neutral-density particles and their use in subterranean treatment fluids to enhance sag resistance of high-density particles and fluid transport. [0014] In some embodiments, the present invention provides methods comprising: providing a subterranean treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid 15 and a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral density particle; and mixing the subterranean treatment fluid with the neutral density particle thereby reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity. [0015] In other embodiments, the present invention provides methods 20 comprising: providing a drilling fluid comprising: a base fluid, a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: an acid, a biocide, a breaker, a clay stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a crosslinker, a friction reducer, a gelling agent, an iron control agent, a scale inhibitor, a surfactant, a proppant, and any combination 25 thereof; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the drilling fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity. [0016] The features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the description of 30 the preferred embodiments that follows. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0017] The present invention relates to neutral-density particles that are useful for enhancing hindered settling in subterranean applications. More 4 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 specifically, the present invention relates to neutral-density particles and their use in subterranean treatment fluids to enhance sag resistance of high-density particles and fluid transport. [0018] The methods and compositions of the present invention are 5 useful in a variety of applications in which it is desirable to enhance sag resistance of particles in suspension in any context. The methods and compositions of the present invention should also have applicability in various mining and drilling operations. In some embodiments, the methods and compositions of the present invention should be useful in pipeline operations to 10 enhance the suspension of particulates in the pipeline fluid. In yet other embodiments, the methods and compositions of the present invention may be useful in maintaining the suspension of particulates in the formation of composites containing such particulates. [0019] As used herein, a "suspension" is a heterogeneous fluid that has 15 solid particles (i.e., dispersed phase) that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Suspensions also include a medium (i.e., continuous phase) that is typically less dense than the dispersed phase. The continuous phase may be solid, liquid, or gas. [0020] Examples of suitable suspensions include, but are not limited to, 20 drilling fluids, completion fluids, and cement compositions, as well as potentially other fluids that are used in subterranean operations (e.g., such as fracturing fluids, sand control fluids, lost circulation pills, etc.). Other examples include, but are not limited to, applications in cosmetics (e.g., exfoliator, sunscreen, etc.), foodstuffs (e.g., salad dressing, soup, etc.), paints and pigments, in which 25 it is desirable to maintain particulates in suspension. [0021] Although many of the embodiments of the present invention will be discussed in the context of subterranean operations, such discussion is only intended to illustrate some applications of enhancing sag resistance using the methods of the present invention and should not be considered limiting. There 30 are a number of advantages to the present invention. [0022] The present invention provides compositions and methods for enhancing the sag resistance of particles suspended in fluids without use of chemical additives or manipulating the geometry of the wellbore. The present 5 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 invention is able to enhance hindered settling of a particle by providing neutral density particles that have a certain density, shape (including size), and particle count number according to the embodiments of the present invention. It is believed that the density, shape, and particle count of neutral-density particles 5 may contribute to reduce the settling rate of a given particle. In some cases, the synergistic effects of these factors working together can provide unexpected or surprisingly good reduction in the tendency of particles to sag in the fluids. [0023] The enhancement of hindered settling, which increases sag resistance, may be achieved through a number of means. For example, the 10 neutral-density particles can interact with the high-density particles (via attractive forces such as electrostatic, Van der Waals, etc.) to reduce the settling rate of high-density particles. It is believed that this interaction is the result of a "particle-fluid network" structure that is formed within the treatment fluid when sufficient amounts of neutral-density particles are added. In some 15 embodiments, it is believed that particles in suspension will tend to behave in the hindered settling regime when the particle concentration is greater than about 0.1% by volume. This may be dependent on the characteristics of the particles and the fluid, as well as other factors. [0024] It is also believed that in this network, high-density particles 20 present in the treatment fluid are physically hindered, obstructed, prevented, or blocked from settling. In at least some embodiments, this physical hindering requires that the high-density particles come in contact with other particles (e.g., neutral-density particles). Thus, it is generally desirable that the neutral density particles are present in at least a sufficient amount to create the 25 physically hindering effect, which may be related to the presence of the particles at a sufficient concentration, particle count, and/or the shapes or geometries that take up significant volume. [0025] In some cases, the particles of the present invention may dynamically take up volumes of space that are much greater than their actual 30 static volumes. For example, it is believed that neutral-density particles having certain shapes will be free to rotate, tumble, or walk (e.g., by stochastic processes such as Brownian motion). These motions allow the particles to obstruct a certain amount of space that is greater than their actual volume. It is 6 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 also believed that certain high-aspect ratio shapes may provide a greater degree of hindered settling. For example, fibers or rods may be particularly advantageous because of their tendency to self-align, e.g., in films, which also increases the potential associative interactions between the particles. Thus, the 5 shape of the neutral-density particles may affect the settling rate of high-density particles. [0026] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may comprise, but are not limited to, polyethylene (e.g., LDPE, LLDPE, HDPE), polypropylene, polybutylene, polyamide, polystyrene, polyacronitrile, polyvinyl 10 acetate, styrene-butadiene, polymethylpentene, ethylene-propylene, natural rubber, butyl rubber, polycarbonate, buckyballs, carbon nanotubes (single walled or multi-walled), nanoclays, exfoliated graphite, as well as other materials that have a density that matches or closely resembles the density of the continuous phase of the suspension. Generally, materials that have 15 relatively large surface areas are particularly desirable because they tend to have higher drag coefficients. [0027] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a suspension comprising: neutral-density particles and a weighting agent suspended in a base fluid. In some embodiments, the suspension comprises a 20 suspension selected from the group consisting of: a drilling fluid, a fracturing fluid, a completion fluid, a sand control fluid, a cement fluid, a loss circulation fluid and any combination thereof. [0028] In other embodiments, the suspension comprises a suspension fluid selected from the group consisting of: a cosmetic product, a paint product, 25 a food product, and any combination thereof. Suitable examples of suspensions include, but are not limited to, exfoliators, creams, sunscreens, salad dressings, soups, and the like. [0029] In an example of a subterranean treatment fluid of the present invention, a drilling fluid is described. In one embodiment, the present invention 30 provides a drilling fluid comprising neutral-density particles and a weighting agent suspended in a base fluid. Optionally, the drilling fluid may also comprise additives such as, but not limited to, emulsifiers, fluid-loss control agents, wetting agents, viscosifiers, and alkali. 7 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 [0030] In general, the base fluid may be any fluid that may be used as a continuous phase. Suitable base fluids may include, but not be limited to, oil based fluids, aqueous-based fluids, aqueous-miscible fluids, water-in-oil emulsions, or oil-in-water emulsions. Suitable oil-based fluids may include 5 alkanes, olefins, aromatic organic compounds, cyclic alkanes, paraffins, diesel fluids, mineral oils, desulfurized hydrogenated kerosenes, and any combination thereof. Suitable aqueous-based fluids may include fresh water, saltwater (e.g., water containing one or more salts dissolved therein), brine (e.g., saturated salt water), seawater, and any combination thereof. Suitable aqueous-miscible fluids 10 may include, but not be limited to, alcohols, e.g., methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, sec-butanol, isobutanol, and t-butanol; glycerins; glycols, e.g., polyglycols, propylene glycol, and ethylene glycol; polyglycol amines; polyols; any derivative thereof; any in combination with salts, e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, zinc bromide, potassium 15 carbonate, sodium formate, potassium formate, cesium formate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium acetate, ammonium acetate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide, sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate, sodium carbonate, and potassium carbonate; any in combination with an aqueous-based fluid, and any 20 combination thereof. Suitable water-in-oil emulsions, also known as invert emulsions, may have an oil-to-water ratio from a lower limit of greater than about 50:50, 55:45, 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, or 80:20 to an upper limit of less than about 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25, 70:30, or 65:35 by volume in the base treatment fluid, where the amount may range from any 25 lower limit to any upper limit and encompass any subset therebetween. Examples of suitable invert emulsions include those disclosed in U.S. Patent Number 5,905,061, U.S. Patent Number 5,977,031, and U.S. Patent Number 6,828,279, each of which are incorporated herein by reference. It should be noted that for water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions, any mixture of the above 30 may be used including the water being and/or comprising an aqueous-miscible fluid. [0031] It should be noted that when "about" is provided at the beginning of a numerical list, "about" modifies each number of the numerical list. 8 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 It should be noted that in some numerical listings of ranges, some lower limits listed may be greater than some upper limits listed. One skilled in the art will recognize that the selected subset will require the selection of an upper limit in excess of the selected lower limit. 5 [0032] In some embodiments, the specific gravity of the neutral-density particles will range from about the density of the weighting agent and about the density of the base fluid. In some embodiments, the density of the neutral density particle may be slightly less than the density of the base fluid. The exact density used may depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to, 10 particle shape, particle size, particle count, particle cost, particle availability, and the like. [0033] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles are present in at least 0.1% by volume of the drilling fluid. [0034] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may have a 15 diameter of about nanoscale to about 150 microns. In some preferred embodiments, the diameter may be about 100 nm to about 50 pm. In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles will have at least one dimension that is nanoscale (i.e., less than 1 micron). [0035] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles have a 20 diameter ranging from a lower limit of about 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 25 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 250 nm, 500 nm, 1 tm, 5 pm to an upper limit of about 50 nm, 100 nm, 250 nm, 500 nm, 1 jtm, 2 jtm, 5 jtm, 10 jtm, 25 jtm, 50 jtm, 75 jtm, 100 jtm, and wherein the diameter may range from any lower limit to any upper limit and encompass any subset therebetween. 25 [0036] The neutral-density particles are not limited to any particular shape. In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may be spherical, elongated, oblong, honeycombed, fibrous, very fine particulates, or any other shape. In general, it is believed that the specific geometries of the neutral density particles can affect the settling rate of the weighting agent or any 30 particle present in the suspension. In particular, the honeycombed and fibrous neutral-density particles may act as a "net" to capture the settling weighting agent or dense particle. 9 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 [0037] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may be coated and/or functionalized. This coating and/or functionalization may enhance the particle-to-particle interaction between the neutral-density particles and the dense particles. The coating and/or functionalization may also enhance the 5 hindered settling effects on the dense particles. Suitable coating and functionalization materials include, but are not limited to, nylon, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, and the like. It may be desirable for the functionalized materials to be a polymer featuring any number of geometric shapes, including a long tail. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that 10 the specific geometrical shape of the functionalized material may further reduce the settling of the particles. [0038] In some embodiments, the neutral-density particles may be coated and/or functionalized to make the neutral-density particles water-wet or oil-wet. The desirability of the coating and/or functionalization may depend on 15 several factors such as, but not limited to, the nature of the fluid, and the desired direction of particle flow. These factors will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. [0039] In general, oftentimes weighting agents found in drilling fluids are dense particles having a specific gravity of at least about 2.5 g/cm 3 . 20 Suitable examples of weighting agents include, but are not limited to, barite, hermatite (Fe 2
    O
    3 ), calcium carbonate, siderite (FeCO 3 ), ilmenite (FeO.TiO 2 ), and the like. The weighting agents may be ground to the desired size by a variety of methods. The weighting agents may be coated or uncoated. [0040] In some embodiments using barite as the weighting agent, the 25 barite has a particle size of about 5 microns to about 75 microns as required by API for drilling grade barite. In some embodiments, barite may have a d 50 of about 30 microns to about 55 microns. In some embodiments, barite may be ground to a distribution such that at least 90% (d 90 ) of the cumulative volume of the measured particle diameters is between about 4 to about 20 microns and 30 includes at least 50% of the cumulative volume of the measured particle diameters (d 50 ) in the range of about 1 to about 10 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a dio of about 1 micron to about 20 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a d 50 of about 1 to about 4 microns. 10 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 In some embodiments, the barite may have a d 50 of about less than 1 micron. In some embodiments, the barite may have a d 9 e of about 1 micron to about 10 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a d 9 e of about 8 microns to about 18 microns. In some embodiments, the barite may have a d 9 e of about 5 1 micron to about 20 microns. [0041] In some embodiments, the methods of the present invention generally comprise providing a drilling fluid comprising: a base fluid and a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the drilling fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby 10 reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity. In some embodiments, the weighting agent is ground to a particle size of about 5 microns to about 75 microns. [0042] The settling velocities of particles may be verified using a Dynamic High Angle Sag Test (DHAST m from Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.) 15 system such as the one described in U.S. 6,584,833, which is hereby incorporated by reference. Commercially available systems include M8500 ULTRA HPHT DYNAMIC SAGGING TESTER from Grace Instrument, Houston, TX. [0043] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a fracturing fluid comprising: a base fluid, neutral-density particles, and at least 20 one additive selected from the group consisting of: an acid, a biocide, a breaker, a clay stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a crosslinker, a friction reducer, a gelling agent, an iron control agent, a scale inhibitor, a surfactant, a proppant, and any combination thereof. Such additives are well-known by those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable examples of some of these are described in U.S. 7,712,534, 25 which is hereby incorporated by reference. [0044] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a completion fluid comprising: a base fluid, neutral-density particles, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: one or more salts, a gas, a surfactant, a fluid loss control additive, a rheology control additive, and any 30 combination thereof. Such additives are well-known by those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable examples of some of these are described in U.S. 7,124,822 and 7,575,055, which are hereby incorporated by reference. 11 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 [0045] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a sand control fluid comprising: a base fluid, neutral-density particles and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: a proppant, a relative permeability modifier, a consolidating agent, and any combination thereof. Such 5 additives are well-known by those of ordinary skill in the art. Suitable examples of some of these are described in U.S. 7,493,957 and 7,678,742, which are hereby incorporated by reference. [0046] In some embodiments, the present invention provides a paint comprising: a pigment and neutral-density particles. Optionally, the paint may 10 further comprise at least one of: a solvent, a filler, an antifreeze additive, a catalyst, a thickener, an adhesion promoter, a UV stabilizer, a de-glossing agent, a biocide, and any combination of these. [0047] In some embodiments, the pigment comprises a pigment selected from the group consisting of: clay, calcium carbonate, mica, silica, talc, 15 titanium dioxide, and any combination thereof. [0048] In some embodiments, the solvent comprises a solvent selected from the group consisting of: an aliphatic solvent, an aromatic solvent, an alcohol, a ketone, a hydrocarbon, an ester, a petroleum distillate, and any combination thereof. 20 [0049] In some embodiments, the filler comprises a filler selected from the group consisting of: diatomaceous earth, talc, lime, barite, clay, and any combination thereof. [0050] Therefore, the present invention is well-adapted to attain the ends and advantages mentioned as well as those that are inherent therein. The 25 particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the present invention may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein. Furthermore, no limitations are intended to the details of construction or design herein shown, other than as described in the claims below. It is therefore 30 evident that the particular illustrative embodiments disclosed above may be altered, combined, or modified and all such variations are considered within the scope and spirit of the present invention. The invention illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element that is not 12 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723 specifically disclosed herein and/or any optional element disclosed herein. While compositions and methods are described in terms of "comprising," "containing," or "including" various components or steps, the compositions and methods can also "consist essentially of" or "consist of" the various components and steps. 5 All numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by some amount. Whenever a numerical range with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included range falling within the range is specifically disclosed. In particular, every range of values (of the form, "from about a to about b," or, equivalently, "from approximately a to b," or, equivalently, "from approximately 10 a-b") disclosed herein is to be understood to set forth every number and range encompassed within the broader range of values. Also, the terms in the claims have their plain, ordinary meaning unless otherwise explicitly and clearly defined by the patentee. Moreover, the indefinite articles "a" or "an," as used in the claims, are defined herein to mean one or more than one of the element that it 15 introduces. If there is any conflict in the usages of a word or term in this specification and one or more patent or other documents that may be incorporated herein by reference, the definitions that are consistent with this specification should be adopted. 13
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1] 1. A method comprising: providing a subterranean treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid and a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the subterranean treatment fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity.
    [2] 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the base fluid is selected from the group consisting of: an oil-based fluid, an aqueous-based fluid, an aqueous-miscible fluid, a water-in-oil emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, and any combination thereof.
    [3] 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent is selected from the group consisting of: barite, hermatite, calcium carbonate, siderite, ilmenite, and any combination thereof.
    [4] 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent has a particle size of about 5 m to about 75 m.
    [5] 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the weighting agent has a specific gravity of at least about 2.5 g/cm 3 .
    [6] 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the neutral-density particle is selected from the group consisting of: polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyacronitriles, polyvinyl acetates, styrene butadienes, polymethylpentenes, ethylene-propylenes, natural rubbers, butyl rubbers, polycarbonates, buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, nanoclays, exfoliated graphites, and any combination thereof.
    [7] 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the neutral-density particle has a diameter of about 1 nm to about 100 m.
    [8] 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the neutral-density particle is spherical, elongated, oblong, honeycombed, or fibrous.
    [9] 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the neutral-density particle has a density ranging from about density of the weighting agent to about density of the base fluid. 14 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723
    [10] 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the neutral-density particle has a concentration of about 0.1% or greater by volume.
    [11] 11. A method comprising: providing a drilling fluid comprising: a base fluid, a weighting agent having a first average settling velocity, and at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: an acid, a biocide, a breaker, a clay stabilizer, a corrosion inhibitor, a crosslinker, a friction reducer, a gelling agent, an iron control agent, a scale inhibitor, a surfactant, a proppant, and any combination thereof; and a neutral-density particle; and mixing the drilling fluid with the neutral-density particle thereby reducing the first average settling velocity of the weighting agent to a second average settling velocity.
    [12] 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the base fluid is selected from the group consisting of: an oil-based fluid, an aqueous-based fluid, an aqueous-miscible fluid, a water-in-oil emulsion, an oil-in-water emulsion, and any combination thereof.
    [13] 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the weighting agent is selected from the group consisting of: barite, hermatite, calcium carbonate, siderite, ilmenite, and any combination thereof.
    [14] 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the weighting agent has a particle size of about 5 m to about 75 m.
    [15] 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the weighting agent has a specific gravity of at least about 2.5 g/cm 3 .
    [16] 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the neutral-density particle is selected from the group consisting of: polyethylenes, polypropylenes, polybutylenes, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyacronitriles, polyvinyl acetates, styrene butadienes, polymethylpentenes, ethylene-propylenes, natural rubbers, butyl rubbers, polycarbonates, buckyballs, carbon nanotubes, nanoclays, exfoliated graphites, and any combination thereof.
    [17] 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the neutral-density particle has a diameter of about 1 nm to about 100 m.
    [18] 18. The method of claim 11, wherein the neutral-density particle is spherical, elongated, oblong, honeycombed, or fibrous. 15 WO 2013/122775 PCT/US2013/024723
    [19] 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the neutral-density particle has a density ranging from about density of the weighting agent to about density of the base fluid.
    [20] 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the neutral-density particle has a concentration of about 0.1% or greater by volume.
    [21] 21. A subterranean treatment fluid comprising: a base fluid; a weighting agent; and a neutral-density particle. 16
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA2858826C|2017-11-28|
    CA2858826A1|2013-08-22|
    AU2013219796B2|2015-06-18|
    EP2814900B8|2019-08-14|
    EA201491004A1|2015-01-30|
    MX2014007551A|2014-08-01|
    EP2814900A1|2014-12-24|
    EP2814900B1|2019-05-22|
    WO2013122775A1|2013-08-22|
    MX360407B|2018-10-31|
    US20130217603A1|2013-08-22|
    BR112014016589A2|2017-06-13|
    BR112014016589A8|2017-07-04|
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    法律状态:
    2015-10-15| FGA| Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)|
    2020-09-03| MK14| Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/399,133||2012-02-17||
    US13/399,133|US20130217603A1|2012-02-17|2012-02-17|Use of neutral-density particles to enhance barite sag resistance and fluid suspension transport|
    PCT/US2013/024723|WO2013122775A1|2012-02-17|2013-02-05|Use of neutral-density particles to enhance barite sag resistance and fluid suspension transport|AU2015227521A| AU2015227521B2|2012-02-17|2015-09-18|Use of neutral-density particles to enhance barite sag resistance and fluid suspension transport|
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